Understanding Computing and Its Crucial Role in the World of Blockchain

Updated

December 10, 2025

Gambar Understanding Computing and Its Crucial Role in the World of Blockchain

Jakarta, Pintu News – Computing – or in English: computing – has become the foundation of almost all aspects of modern life, from running daily applications to powering large technological infrastructures such as internet networks, cloud services, to digital financial systems.

With the development of technologies like blockchain, understanding what computing is and how it works is crucial. This article will fundamentally explain the concept of computing, its different types, and how distributed computing plays a crucial role in the world of blockchain.

What is Computing?

Computing is the activity of using computers to process and manage data, enabling the execution of various tasks – such as calculation, communication, problem solving and automation. Historically, computing encompasses the development of algorithms, software, as well as the hardware that supports the process.

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Computing allows us to run intensive programs – such as data processing applications, graphics rendering, machine learning – using processing power, memory, storage, and other resources such as networks.

Without computing, many of the digital innovations we take for granted today – from smartphone apps to online service platforms – would not be possible.

Types of Computing

Modern computing doesn’t just happen on a single computer. With the advancement of technology, various computing models have emerged for various needs.

According to one definition, the types of computing systems include: personal computing, enterprise computing, distributed computing, edge computing, and quantum computing.

Local/personal computing: running a program on a single computer, such as a laptop or PC.
Cloud/enterprise computing: using shared servers or infrastructure to provide computing power, storage and other services over the internet. This allows for flexibility and large scale without having to own the entire infrastructure yourself.
Distributed computing: a system where many computers (nodes) work together in a network to accomplish a computational task collectively – further explained in the following section.
Edge / Fog computing, quantum computing, etc.: models that evolve according to specific needs, such as processing data near its source (edge), or using quantum physics principles for advanced computing.

Each type of computing has its own advantages and challenges: local computing is easy but limited in scale; cloud offers scalability but depends on connections and service providers; while distributed computing offers high scalability and redundancy, but requires coordination between nodes.

Definition of Distributed Computing

the role of distributed computing in blockchain — Source: UA Online

Distributed computing is a model where multiple computers – which may be geographically dispersed – are networked and work together to accomplish a single computational task.

In a distributed system, each computer (node) has its own memory and resources, and communicates through mechanisms such as message passing or remote procedure call (RPC) to coordinate.

The advantages of this model include scalability, fault tolerance – meaning that if one node fails, the system as a whole continues to run – and flexibility in distributing computing loads.

Distributed computing has been around long before blockchain emerged – used in a variety of large systems such as cloud services, application servers, and large computer networks. However, with the advent of blockchain, distributed computing finds revolutionary new applications in terms of decentralization, security, and transparency.

The Role of Distributed Computing in Blockchain

Blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger system – meaning that transaction data and records are not stored on one central server, but rather spread across many computers (nodes) throughout the network.

Distributed computing allows blockchain to function as intended. Some of its important roles include:

Data replication and shared ledger: Each node in the blockchain network keeps a copy of the entire ledger/transaction – so data is redundant and not dependent on a single central point.
Decentralized validation and consensus: When a transaction occurs, nodes work together through consensus algorithms (e.g. Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, etc.) to agree that the transaction is valid, before it is added to a block. Distributed computing facilitates communication and synchronization between nodes so that the network can reach consensus.
Security, transparency, and reliability: Because the ledger is spread across many nodes and any changes must be approved by a majority, blockchains are extremely difficult to change retroactively – making data “immutable” and transparent to all participants.
Failure tolerance and total decentralization: There is no single controlling entity – if one or more nodes go down/disrupted, the network keeps running because other nodes can continue processing transactions. This makes blockchain more resilient to attacks, downtime, or device failure.

In short: blockchain can exist and function because its foundation is distributed computing – without the distribution of computation and data across many nodes, key features such as decentralization, distributed ledger, consensus, and security and fault tolerance cannot be achieved.

Advantages of Distributed Computing in Blockchain

Distributed computing provides a number of advantages that make it a key foundation in blockchain technology. One of the main advantages is decentralization. In a blockchain system, no single entity controls the entire network.

Instead, each node has a copy of the data and the right to take part in the validation process. This makes the system more fair, transparent, and resistant to manipulation by a single party.

Another prominent advantage isfault tolerance. In a centralized system, if the main server fails, the entire system can be paralyzed. However, in a distributed system like blockchain, if one or more nodes go down, the network can still run with the help of other nodes. This makes blockchain more reliable and has high uptime, which is crucial for financial applications and other sensitive data.

In addition, distributed computing also improves data security and integrity. Since every transaction must be approved by multiple nodes through a consensus mechanism, falsifying data or hacking the system becomes very difficult and expensive.

Additionally, all transactions recorded on the blockchain are permanent and transparent to all network participants, increasing user trust in the system.

FAQ

What is the difference between cloud computing and distributed computing?

The cloud is centrally managed by a service provider, while distributed computing involves many independent nodes that are interconnected and work together without central control.

Why does blockchain need distributed computing?

Because blockchain aims to be decentralized. Distributed computing allows for shared validation, copies of data across many nodes, and the system remains active even if some nodes fail.

Do all blockchains use distributed computing?

Yes, because blockchain is a form of distributed system. Decentralization, consensus, and security can only be achieved through distributed computing.

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